Permissionless Relayers

Critical to the function of Hyperbridge are the relayers who transmit requests & responses across it's connected chains. Unlike popular interoperability protocols, Hyperbridge relayers are fully permissionless. This means, relayers will not need to be staked or whitelisted in order to transmit cross-chain messages. This is as a result of it's first-of-it's kind, fully trust-free design. This service of-course, will not be for free. Hyperbridge permits the applications that leverage it’s secure message passing infrastructure to pay ahead of time for the message delivery & execution. They do so on the source chain of the initiating application.

Fees for cross-chain requests are to be paid in stable coins, We’ve chosen the DAI stablecoin for it’s decentralized and censorship-resistant properties. This means users will estimate the cost for message execution & provide what they believe to be a fair amount in DAI to the Hyperbridge contract. (Specifically, the EvmHost) at the time of dispatching a request. Once the request has been finalized by the originating chain and these finality proofs made available to the destination chain. The request becomes eligible for delivery & execution. A relayer will estimate the cost of request delivery and query the fee that has been put up for it’s delivery on the source chain. Depending on their profitability configuration, they’ll either choose to deliver the request or ignore it.

If the relayers chooses to deliver the request, then this means they will cover the cost of message delivery and execution. This cost of message delivery is the cost of proof verification of requests & responses. The cost of message execution is the cost of executing the message on the destination module. In the current version of the protocol, relayers are tasked with both delivering and executing the messages. But it is entirely possible in future versions of the protocol that we unbundle message delivery and execution as this may enable more exotic applications.

Relayer Selection

In our chosen design, relayers race to deliver a batch of cross-chain messages to their respective destination chains. This has a few benefits, this effectively mitigates any liveness issues that may arise as a result of some whitelisted relayers going down. This free market design presents a much better UX to end users and applications. The winning relayer, can be decided by a few factors.

Event Notification

Relayer are mostly idle, and will only check for new messages to be delivered when the chains they’re interested in receive new consensus messages. The consensus messages, contain proofs that finalizes a new set of block heights. The new block heights, may or may not contain new messages to be delivered from the hyperbridge blockchain. Therefore, whichever relayer sees the block where these consensus messages were processed on the destination chain first, can begin the check before everyone else and as a result, deliver the new batch of requests before anyone else.

Query throughput

We can for the purposes of this criteria assume that every single relayer has received the block notification at the same time. Now they have to do a few things, first they’ll query for the new requests available, next they’ll need to query the fees associated with these requests, and finally query the cost of executing these requests by simulating them individually as a transaction on the full node for it’s destination chain.

If the relayer is able to query high-performance nodes and has a very fast internet connection, or even better is colocated the nodes in question. You can already see how this provides an edge in being the first to deliver the requests.

MEV

An unfortunate development in blockchain protocols are validators who auction their blockspace. They do so in order to earn even more money than the underlying protocols already pay them. It’s not impossible that relayers may integrate with validators who auction their blockspace using proposer-builder networks in order to have their bundles always be first in the block. Of-course these relayers would have to pay high priority fees for such shenanigans. But we fully expect relayer competition to eventually reach these levels.

Once a relayer successfully delivers a batch of requests, they can immediately start claiming the associated fees for these requests. They’ll do so by submitting state proofs of the messages delivered on the destination chain to hyperbridge. Once hyperbridge verifies these proofs, it will make the fees available to the relayer by issuing a request to it’s contracts on the source chain. The relayer will be responsible for delivering this request as it will have no fee attached and will hence be ignored by other relayers.